The main aspects of dyslexia are analyzed, making emphasis on the neurobiological aspects. This learning difficulty is one of the most frequent and is characterized by the disability to decode individual words, reflecting an alteration in the auditory recognition of the phonemes and its association to graphemes. The process through which an individual reaches interpretation of what he/she has read is described, begining with the reception of the visual information. Understanding how the normal process functions, it is possible to cmprehend the disorder presented in the individuals affected by dyslexia, better. An approach to the genetics of this disorde is made, presenting an association with the chromosomes 6 and 15 mainly. In the same way, a diagnostic approach is recommended, as wll as some therapeutic measures.
