Abordaje desde la complejidad a las barreras en la prestación de servicios de salud a consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas: Estudio de caso en el modelo de salud Colombiano
Artículo académico
Introducción. El fenómeno del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) se aborda desde lo complejo, por cuanto no puede ser explicado por modelos lineales de determinación, y se postula que requiere para su comprensión la aproximación a diferentes niveles de realidad, desde esta perspectiva se propone estudiar las barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud. Objetivo. Evidenciar y analizar, desde la complejidad, las barreras existentes en el sistema de salud colombiano, por parte de los prestadores de servicio de salud, en la atención de las personas con trastornos por el uso de sustancias y su comorbilidad asociada.. Metodología. Se trata de una investigación transdisciplinar y cualitativa, en la que participaron agentes del sistema de salud relacionados con el consumo de SPA, agrupados en tres regiones de Colombia. Se efectuó una asistencia técnica por región, aplicando cartografía social, grupo focal y cuestionario temático. Resultados: Se encontraron barreras en relación con aplicación de enfoque diferencial, reconocimiento y garantía de derechos, ía de consumidores de SPA como sujetos de especial protección, y otras administrativas. Conclusiones. Acorde con los hallazgos, se requiere comprender el fenómeno del consumo de SPA desde una mirada transdisciplinar, que permita aunar esfuerzos en lo local, para efectivizar el enfoque de derechos en la prestación de servicios de salud hacia consumidores de SPA./ Introduction. The phenomenon of the consumption ofpsychoactive substances (SPA) needs to be approachedfrom the complex given that there are no lineardeterministic models that can explain it. SPA use requiresfor its understanding, the approach from different levelsof reality to better understand the barriers of access tohealth services. Objective. This article identifies andanalyzes, from the complexity, the existing barriers ofaccess to services for SPA users by health providers in theColombian Health System. Methodology. This is a transdisciplinaryand qualitative research, involving providersof the health system treating people with SPA. Threeregions were selected. In each region, technicalassistance, social cartography, focus group and thematicquestionnaire were performed. Results: Barriers of accessto services were identified that included administrativebarriers in differential approach, and recognition ofhuman rights of SPA consumers as subjects of specialprotection. Conclusions. Its recommended to understandthe problem of SPA from an interdisciplinary perspectivethat can allow to enhance at the local level, the humanrights approach in the provision of health services to SPAconsumers
Introduction. The phenomenon of the consumption of psychoactive substances (SPA) is approached from the complex, since it cannot be explained by linear models of determination, and it is postulated that it requires for its understanding the approximation to different levels of reality, from this perspective it is proposed to study the barriers of access to health services. Objective. To evidence and analyze, from the complexity, the existing barriers in the Colombian health system, by health service providers, in the care of people with substance use disorders and their associated comorbidity... Methodology. This is a transdisciplinary and qualitative investigation in which health system agents related to SPA consumption participated, grouped in three regions of Colombia. A technical assistance was carried out by region, applying social cartography, focal group and thematic questionnaire. Results: Barriers were found in relation to the application of a differential approach, recognition and guarantee of rights, the use of SPA consumers as subjects of special protection, and other administrative issues. Conclusions According to the findings, it is necessary to understand the phenomenon of SPA consumption from a transdisciplinary point of view, which allows joining efforts at the local level, in order to make the rights approach effective in the provision of health services to SPA consumers.
